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Breaking the Two-Tier System: Substantial Equivalence Progress Update

Posted on 27 March 2026

It has been a while since we have provided an update on Substantial Equivalence. If this is a new topic for you, we encourage you to explore our background resources in the Substantial Equivalence Hub on the AAPi website.

Over the past few years, AAPi has been driving one of the most significant shifts in the psychology profession in decades. Substantial equivalence is no longer a theoretical concept or a rarely used pathway. It is now a proven, evidence-based route to endorsement, and it is actively reshaping long-held assumptions about who is considered “eligible” for endorsement recognition.

We are proud to share that AAPi has now supported hundreds of psychologists to gain endorsement through the substantial equivalence pathway. This includes a particularly important breakthrough: psychologists who were once considered ineligible, those from the 4+2 and 5+1 pathways, are now successfully gaining endorsement. Where this pathway was previously considered out of reach, AAPi has helped make this a reality, particularly for those who have also completed additional postgraduate study, such as postgraduate diplomas and PhDs.

While many applicants have pursued clinical endorsement, this pathway extends across all areas of practice. We have supported successful endorsement outcomes in clinical, educational and developmental, health, and forensic psychology, as well as assisting many overseas-qualified psychologists.

We are also seeing consistent success from psychologists with qualifications in clinical neuropsychology, counselling, educational and developmental, community, sport and exercise, forensic, and health psychology, who have demonstrated substantial equivalence and gained endorsement. These are not isolated successes. They represent a clear and growing body of evidence.

This confirms what AAPi and our members have long said: competence is not determined by a single training pathway. Psychologists from a wide range of educational and professional backgrounds are demonstrating equivalent competencies and achieving equivalent outcomes in practice.

Substantial equivalence is a direct challenge to the foundations of the two-tier system. The two-tier system relies on the assumption that only certain pathways produce “higher value” psychologists. Substantial equivalence is proving, case by case, that this assumption does not hold. AAPi’s work in this space has always been about more than individual applications. It is about systemic reform.

At the same time, we want to be very clear about what this work is and what it is not.

This is not about being unfair to, or devaluing, psychologists who have completed traditional endorsement pathways. Those pathways require significant commitment, and the psychologists who have pursued them bring deep expertise and make an important contribution to the profession. What we are saying is that the current two-tier system is not fit for purpose. It has divided the profession, reduced diversity across university training pathways, devalued experience and alternative career routes, and ultimately restricted client access to care through different levels of Medicare rebates.

Since 2010, AAPi has advocated for a profession that recognises the full breadth of skill, experience, and contribution across all psychologists. We do not accept that endorsement should be used as a proxy for worth, nor that it should determine access, funding, or opportunity. Substantial equivalence is one of the strongest pieces of evidence we now have to support this position.

But this is not the endpoint. AAPi is actively using these successful endorsement outcomes to advocate directly to the government for:

  • An end to the two-tier system wherever it exists- Medicare, public sector awards, NDIS diagnostic report acceptance. 
  • Fair and equitable remuneration for all psychologists and increased client access
  • A unified profession that values all pathways and all areas of practice equally

 

Resources and Support for Members

AAPi has developed a comprehensive Substantial Equivalence Hub to support members considering this pathway to endorsement.

We have recently strengthened our resources to make the process clearer and more accessible, including:

  • Detailed applicant guides
  • Updated templates
  • Links to key webinars and tribunal rulings
  • Support for AAPi members preparing applications

We also acknowledge the many members who have contributed course materials, unit guides, and program information through the AAPi Community Forum. This collective effort is critical to building the evidence base that is driving real change.

AAPi will continue to lead this work, using evidence and advocacy to push for systemic change that reflects reality rather than outdated assumptions.

The two-tier system is being challenged. And together, we are building the case to end it.